R., Habash, J., Hajdu, J., and Harding, M. W., Moffat, K., and Helliwell, 1986, Information Quarterly for Protein Crystallography, Daresbury Laboratory, 18: 23.Ĭampbell, J. W., 1968, The optimum strategy in measuring structure factors, Acta Cryst., B24: 1355.īricogne, C., 1976, Methods and programs for direct-space exploitation of geometric redundancies, Acta Cryst., A32: 832.Ĭampbell, J. J., and Canut de Amoros, M., 1975, “The Laue Method,” Academic Press, New York.Īrndt, U. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.Īmoros, J. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. The Laue technique did not become a method of data collection because conventional X-ray sources do not have a satisfactory spectrum and because of the difficulties in unravelling the complicated diffraction patterns. Moreover, with crystals of high symmetry, a full data set may be recorded on a single photograph. The wider the wavelength range the more lattice planes become accessible to the Laue geometry (Amoros et al., 1975 Cruickshank et al., 1987). With a stationary crystal and white X-radiation, a large number of lattice planes diffract simultaneously as the Bragg condition is satisfied for each of these planes by at least one wavelength of the spectrum. Klasse (1912) 303-322, 363-373, 5 photographic plates.Seventy-six years ago, Friedrich, Knipping and von Laue (1912) demonstrated the diffraction of X-rays on a crystal of copper sulphate using white X-radiation. Eine quantitative Prüfung der Theorie für die Interferenz-Erscheinungen bei Röntgenstrahlen," Sitzungsb. "Interferenz-Erscheinungen bei Röntgenstrahlen. After Max Perutz and his student John Kendrew first successfully applied Braggs’ x-ray crystallographic techniques to the study of the structure of proteins, these techniques were employed by hundreds of thousands of researchers around the world. X-ray analysis of crystals, as initially developed by Sir Lawrence Bragg, became the most widely used technique for the investigation of molecular structure, leading to incalculable advances in both inorganic and organic chemistry, as well as molecular biology. Laue’s discovery was of dual importance: it allowed the subsequent investigation of x-radiation by means of wavelength determination, and it provided the means for the Braggs’ structural analysis of crystals, for which they received the Nobel Prize in 1915. Laue’s discovery of the diffraction of x-rays in crystals, which Einstein called one of the most beautiful in physics, earned Laue the 1914 Nobel Prize in physics. Laue’s associate Walter Friedrich, together with student Paul Knipping, began experimenting on April 12, 1912, and found that the irradiation of a copper sulfate crystal with x-rays produced a regular pattern of dark points on a photographic plate placed behind the crystal. In 1912, German physicist Max von Laue, working in Berlin, came up with the idea of sending x-rays through crystals, arguing that the supposed regular structure of their atoms would approximate the intervals of a diffraction grating. After Röntgen’s discovery of x-rays in 1895, scientists speculated that the rays were actually composed of very short electromagnetic waves, but this supposition resisted proof, as it was impossible to construct a diffraction grating with intervals small enough to measure the wavelength.
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